Abstract Background Betaine. an osmoprotective compatible solute. has been used to improve l-threonine production in engineered Escherichia coli l-threonine producer. Betaine supplementation upregulates the expression of zwf encoding glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. https://www.chiggate.com/saras-far-far-pani-puri-with-masala-225g-for-cheap/